Apache · Struts 2
CVE-2012-0391
Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
What it is
The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.
CISA: The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts 2 before 2.2.3.1 contains an improper input validation vulnerability that allows for remote code execution.
What to do
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
Deadline for US federal agencies: July 21, 2022
- Added to the CISA list
- January 21, 2022
- Published
- January 8, 2012
- Severity
- Critical 9.8 CVSS 3.1
- Chance of attacks in the next 30 days (EPSS)
- 76% in the top 0.5% of all known vulnerabilities
- Weakness
- CWE-20
- More details
- NVD · CVE.org · CISA
All references (7)
- http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329
- http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html
- https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt
- https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668
- http://secunia.com/advisories/47393
More exploited flaws from Apache
| Added | Vulnerability | Product | Severity | Attack chance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 8, 2026 | Command Injection | Struts | High 8.1 | 97% |
| Aug 4, 2026 | Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data | Tomcat | High 7.5 | 99% |
| Apr 16, 2026 | Improper Input Validation | ActiveMQ | High 8.8 | 98% |
| May 1, 2025 | Improper Escaping of Output | HTTP Server | Critical 9.1 | >99.9% |
| Apr 1, 2025 | Path Equivalence | Tomcat | Critical 10.0 | 99.9% |
| Feb 4, 2025 | Forced Browsing | OFBiz | Critical 9.8 | >99.9% |
| Sep 18, 2024 | Improper Access Control | HugeGraph-Server | Critical 9.8 | 99.2% |
| Aug 27, 2024 | Incorrect Authorization | OFBiz | High 8.1 | 99.4% |
Sources: Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (CISA, public domain), CVE records (cve.org) and EPSS (FIRST). The chance of attacks is the EPSS estimate that someone will try to exploit the flaw in the next 30 days.