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Retrospective · Egypt, January 2011 · published

Egypt 2011: the night a country switched off its internet

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Just after midnight local time on 28 January 2011, two days into mass protests, almost all of Egypt disappeared from the internet at once. It was the first time a large, connected country switched itself off, and it changed how the world thinks about internet shutdowns.

What happened

  • 27 Jan 2011, 22:34 UTC The routing monitor Renesys saw the routes to Egyptian networks withdrawn almost simultaneously: about 3,500 BGP routes, the "directions" the rest of the internet uses to reach a country's networks, vanished in minutes.
  • The following days Egypt's main providers stayed dark. One provider, Noor Data Networks, stayed reachable for a while; it connected to the world through its own undersea cable link. Mobile networks were cut too.
  • 2 Feb 2011, morning Providers came back online almost together, around 09:30 UTC according to Renesys. Some sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, were still blocked for many users.

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Why it mattered

Earlier shutdowns had hit small or poorly connected countries. Egypt had tens of millions of internet users, banks, businesses and a big tech sector. The OECD later put the direct cost at around 90 million US dollars, and that leaves out everything people could not do or say for five days. It showed that a government with a handful of providers to call can disconnect a whole country, and it started the habit of watching routing data in real time to catch the next one.

What Blackout Map would show

This is the textbook case our map is built for. Within one five-minute cycle our probes would find almost every Egyptian host unreachable, IODA would see the routes withdrawn, and with both signals agreeing the country would turn black. The routing panel would show the scale of the withdrawal, and the incident would stay in Egypt's history with its exact start and end.

Sources

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Blackout Map is a live map of internet outages and shutdowns around the world. Open the map · Security watch · RSS · Follow us on X: @Blackoutmap_net

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